What concept describes the process of integration and exchange of goods, culture, and ideas between countries?

The concept that describes the process of integration and exchange of goods, culture, and ideas between countries is globalization. This term captures the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, societies, and cultures on a global scale.

Globalization can be seen in various forms such as trade agreements, cultural exchanges, and the flow of capital and labor across borders. It facilitates not only the exchange of tangible goods but also the sharing of cultural practices, technologies, and ideologies, contributing to a shared experience among different societies.

Urbanization, while related to the growth of cities and migration patterns, does not specifically address the broader exchange and interaction between countries. Colonialism refers to the control of one nation over another and the exploitation of its resources, which does not inherently involve mutual exchange. Nationalism emphasizes loyalty to one's nation and often focuses on national identity and independence, which can sometimes run counter to the principles of integration that globalization promotes.