Which method is least likely to be considered qualitative research?

Qualitative research focuses on understanding human behavior, experiences, and the meanings individuals assign to their social reality. It typically involves methods that gather non-numerical data, such as words, images, or objects, to analyze patterns, themes, and insights.

Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, is centered on numerical data and statistical methods. It aims to quantify variables and uncover patterns through measurable data. This approach is used primarily to test hypotheses, generalize findings across larger populations, or establish statistical relationships. As a result, it is not considered qualitative research since it does not delve into the subjective, emotional, or complex experiences that qualitative methods seek to understand.

Focus groups, participant observation, and ethnography are all inherently qualitative methods. They aim to gather insights based on personal interactions, participant experiences, or cultural contexts, thus making them aligned with the goals of qualitative research.