Which term describes the hierarchical arrangement of society based on factors like class, income, and ethnicity?

The term that describes the hierarchical arrangement of society based on factors such as class, income, and ethnicity is "social stratification." This concept refers to the structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and life chances in a society. Social stratification can manifest in various forms, including socioeconomic status, race, and education level, leading to disparities in power, resources, and opportunities.

Social mobility, while related to the concept, specifically refers to the movement of individuals or groups within that hierarchy, indicating the ability to change one’s social status, either upward or downward. Social hierarchy denotes a broader concept of organized ranks within society but does not specifically address the criteria used for ranking, which is essential in understanding stratification. Social differentiation, on the other hand, refers to how different social roles and statuses are recognized and the distinctions made between them rather than the structured inequality itself. Therefore, "social stratification" accurately encapsulates the hierarchical arrangement in question.